NASA and Sierra Space Team Up to Tackle Space Trash

Advancements in space travel have allowed us to explore farther than ever before, but longer sojourns mean more waste is created in space. 

Current space waste management systems load trash onto resupply vehicles that incinerate it upon atmospheric re-entry. These systems don’t have the capacity for extended space missions, and there’s an urgent need for more sustainable and efficient waste management solutions.

NASA Works with Sierra Space to Take Out the Trash

With this in mind, NASA contracted Colorado-based Sierra Space Corp. to develop a Trash Compaction and Processing System (TCPS) for the International Space Station (ISS), where it is scheduled to be tested in 2026.  

The TCPS is designed to improve waste management and stowage. It will help astronauts manage waste by reducing its volume and making the water contained with available for reuse.

Waste Systems Play and Important Role in Space

Current waste management systems aboard the ISS struggle with effective water recovery and volume reduction of common trash like food packaging, clothing, and wipes. 

This could pose a serious problem for extended missions as wet trash contains elements that are dangerous to store during long-haul space orbital missions.

The TCPS addresses these challenges by compacting astronaut trash into safe, storable solid tiles, helping recover nearly all water that can be reused for crew survival and general sustainability. 

Next Steps for Sierra Space’s Trash Compaction and Processing System

Sierra Space finished the initial design phase of its independently-operating TCPS in January 2024. Now, it is focused on finalizing the fabrication of a ground unit that will fly to the ISS.

The TCPS requires access to power, data, and air-cooling connections, and it incorporates an innovative Catalytic Oxidizer that processes volatile organic compounds and other gaseous byproducts to maintain a safe and sterile environment in space habitats.