from both system and transformer events that can cause relay misop
eration. Use the fifth-harmonic element to prevent relay misoperation
during allowable overexcitation conditions. Even harmonic elements
(the second and fourth harmonics) provide security against inrush
currents during transformer energization, complemented by the dc
element, which measures the dc offset. The even harmonic elements
offer the choice between harmonic blocking and harmonic restraint.
In the blocking mode, select either blocking on an independent phase
basis or on a common basis, as per application and philosophy. The
second-, fourth-, and fifth-harmonic thresholds are set independently,
and the dc blocking and harmonic restraint features are independently
enabled