Protection, and general-purpose logic timers. Setting Groups and Virtual Control Switches make up the
control functions. The following paragraphs describe each protection and control function.
Overcurrent Protection
Phase and one neutral instantaneous overcurrent elements (50TP and 50TN) with settable time delays
provide inadvertent energization protection when properly supervised by voltage and/or frequency
elements (381. 159. 127).
One phase time-overcurrent element can be voltage restrained (51/27R) or voltage controlled (51/27C) to
provide system backup overcurrent protection (51P).
Two neutral inverse time-overcurrent elements provide ground overcurrent protection and/or generator
step-up (GSU) transformer ground backup protection (51TN and 151TN).
Each neutral 50/51 element can be assigned to monitor either the three-phase residual (IN
) or the optional
independent ground input (IG
).
One inverse time, negative sequence overcurrent element provides generator unbalance overload
protection (46).
Time-overcurrent functions employ a dynamic integrating timing algorithm covering a range from pickup to
40 times pickup with selectable instantaneous or integrated reset characteristics.
Time-overcurrent curves conform to the IEEE C37.112 document and include seven curves similar to
Westinghouse/ABB CO curves, five curves similar to GE IAC curves, four IEC curves, a fixed time curve,
and a user programmable curve. Each time current characteristic can be set for integrating or
instantaneous reset.
Digital signal processing filters out unwanted harmonic components while providing fast overcurrent
response with limited transient overreach and over-travel.
Voltage Protection
One volts per hertz protective element provides overexcitation protection for a generator and/or GSU
transformer (24).
Two phase overvoltage and two phase undervoltage element provides over/undervoltage protection (27P,
127P, 59P, and 159P). Phase overvoltage protection can be set for one of three, two of three, or three of
three logic. When a four-wire voltage transformer connection is used, overvoltage protection can be set
for either phase-to-phase voltage or phase-to-neutral voltage.
Two auxiliary overvoltage and two auxiliary undervoltage elements provide over/undervoltage protection
(27X, 127X, 59X, and 159X). Auxiliary voltage protection elements can be set to individually monitor the
auxiliary voltage fundamental, third harmonic, or phase 3V0 voltages. Complete stator ground fault
